The Training Program has partnered with the ICID to organize an annual Research and Innovation Symposium, involving local, national and international guests. Visiting professors have been from Canada, the USA and South Africa, and have addressed topics such as pandemic influenza, male circumcision, infection and immunity, behaviour trends in HIV transmission, and aspects of HIV/AIDS and health in South Africa. Trainees presented their research in oral and poster sessions, and had significant time for discussion with the experts at both meetings. Awards were presented for best oral and poster presentations (Fig 4). The annual retreat will be coordinated with the major course, and all trainees will be required to attend.